Case assignments by lab group and class day:
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TUESDAY |
THURSDAY |
Labs 1, 2, & 3 |
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Labs 4 & 5 |
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CASE NUMBER 504
(no virtual slide for this case)
This case will be presented by neurology faculty - click here when instructed to see images related to this case
CASE NUMBER 543
This case will be presented by neurology faculty - click here when instructed to see images related to this case
CASE NUMBER 515
(no virtual slides for this case)
Clinical History: A 46-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse was brought to the emergency department by the police when he was found walking unsteadily and seemed confused. His speech was slurred and slow, though his blood alcohol was 0.01%. A mini mental status exam revealed that his short term memory was severely impaired. Physical exam revealed a right leg tremor and nystagmus. A cranial MRI was performed, but while the patient was still in radiology, when the patient tried get off of the gurney, he fell, hit his head on the floor and died.
Image Gallery:
515-1. What is the differential diagnosis?
ANSWER
515-2. The constellation of symptoms shown by this patient is known as which of the following?
- Kwashiorkor
- Leigh syndrome
- Parkinsonism
- Ricketts
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
ANSWER
515-3. Which of the following typically develops late in this disease?
- Amnesia
- Ataxia
- Cognitive impairment
- Confusion
- Nystagmus
ANSWER
515-4. Which of the following is true regarding this patient’s symptoms?
- Ataxia rarely improves with appropriate treatment
- Confusion rarely improves with appropriate treatment
- Memory loss typically improves with appropriate treatment
- Nystagmus typically improves with appropriate treatment
ANSWER
515-5. In addition to alcoholism, in which of the following clinical settings is this disease process MOST LIKELY to arise?
- Chronic blood loss
- Gastric disorders
- Inborn error metabolism
- Obesity
- Renal disease
ANSWER
CASE NUMBER 301
This case will be presented by Infectious Disease faculty - click here when instructed to see images related to this case
CASE NUMBER 300
This case will be presented by Infectious Disease faculty - click here when instructed to see images related to this case
CASE NUMBER 503
(no virtual slide for this case)
Clinical History: A mother brought her 3-month-old infant to the pediatrician because the child had been alternately crying inconsolably or lying down listlessly; vomiting for the last 3 days, and had a mild fever. Physical exam reveals cherry red maculas. CSF analysis shows elevated protein levels. Gene sequencing reveals a mutation in the alpha-subunit of hexosaminidase A.
Image Gallery:
503-1. What is the differential diagnosis?
ANSWER
503-2. This disease is classified as which of the following?
- Glycogenosis
- Mucopolylipidosis
- Mucopolysaccharidosis
- Sphingolipidosis
- Sulfatidosis
ANSWER
503-3. Which of the following is true regarding this disease?
- Boys are affected more commonly than girls
- Most patients recover full neurological function in their teens
- The “cherry red macula” is due to retinal hemangiomas
- There is an increased incidence in Ashknazi Jews
- These patients are at increased risk for colon cancer
ANSWER
NERVOUS SYSTEM PATHOLOGY Review Items
Key Vocabulary Terms (click here to search any additional terms on Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary)
CNS-1: GOALS and LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Goal: Trauma and the Brain
Apply knowledge of the structure and function of the brain and general pathology concepts to discuss disorders resulting from trauma to the brain and its blood supply.
- Objective 1: Traumatic Brain Injury
Describe the pathologic findings seen in the most common causes of traumatic brain injury.
- Objective 2: Traumatic Vascular Injury
Compare and contrast the clinicopathologic findings seen in two types of traumatic vascular injury (i.e. epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma)
Goal: CNS Infection
Apply knowledge of clinical features, neuroimaging studies and location of lesions(s) to develop a differential diagnosis for CNS infection.
- Objective 1: Infections of the CNS
Compare and contrast the clinical, gross, and microscopic manifestations of common bacterial, viral, and fungal infections of the central nervous system.
- Objective 2: Opportunistic Infections of the CNS
List common opportunistic infections that involve the CNS of immunocompromised individuals and describe their pathologic features.
- Objective 3: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Outline the clinicopathologic features of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (JC virus).
- Objective 4: Suppurative Meningitis and Abscess
Describe the gross and microscopic features of acute suppurative meningitis and brain abscess; and name the organisms most commonly associated with each.
Goal: Demyelinating Disorders
Apply knowledge of the structure and function of the brain and general immunopathology concepts to summarize disorders that result in demyelination in terms of their etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and morphologic features, natural history and therapeutic options.
- Objective 1: Multiple Sclerosis
Describe the autoimmune mechanism and clinicopathologic features of multiple sclerosis.
Goal: Dementia
Apply knowledge of structure and function and general pathologic concepts to describe disorders where dementia is a component.
- Objective 1: Amyloid and Tau in Dementia
Define the essential underlying abnormalities of amyloid and tau proteins in the most common causes of dementia in the US.
- Objective 2: Alzheimer disease
Describe the clinical features, gross pathology, histopathology and etiology of Alzheimer disease and the regions of the brain that are usually involved.
- Objective 3: Disorders of the Basal Ganglia
Name several diseases that involve the basal ganglia and describe how to distinguish among the diseases in terms of gross, microscopic, and clinical pathology.
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